Theme 5: Design research
In Lundstroms paper they conducted a light weight discourse analysis by analyzing the first 50 forum threads and blog posts related to electric cars on a search for "guess-o-meter" on Google. The collected data is the empirical evidence.
Also several participants who had the experience of driving an electric car was interviewed. The data that was collected was the material from the interviews.
The empirical data in Finding design qualities in a tangible programming space - Fernaeus & Tholander is the study and analysis of the children's interaction with each other in different settings.
1 originating in or based on observation or experience <empirical data>
2 relying on experience or observation alone often without due regard for system and theory <an empirical basis for the theory>
3 capable of being verified or disproved by observation or experiment <empirical laws>
Can practical design work in itself be considered a 'knowledge contribution'?
Lundstroms presents the methodology research-through-design, which he says involved several steps in an iterative and explorative design process. The concept design sketches and modelling prototypes they gained new experiences and proof which they had not realized before the research. The new experiences generated new knowledge in that field of study through design work. When working with design you get a new understanding of a phenomenon. For instance when you design a topology will get you a visual picture of a system. This visual will contribute to a new understanding the concept of the systems functionality.
A science of the artificial (design science) is a body of knowledge about the design of the artificial (man made) objects and phenomenon. Artifacts. Designed to meet certain desired goals.
Design science is knowledge in the form of constructs techniques and method models well developed theory for perform mapping. The know how creating artifacts that satisfy given sets functional requirements. Design science research is research that creates this type of missing knowledge using design analysis reflection and abstraction.
Are there any differences in design intentions within a research project, compared to design in general?
Design intentions within a project often require pre-work such as collecting data that will answer to specific requirements in an artefact. It often includes an iterative design process, developing prototypes and testing
While design in general is the creation of a plan or convention for the construction of an object, system or measurable human interaction. But design can also be "a roadmap or a strategic approach for someone to achieve a unique expectation. It defines the specifications, plans, parameters, costs, activities, processes and how and what to do within legal, political, social, environmental, safety and economic constraints in achieving that objective" Don Kumaragamage, Y. (2011). Design Manual Vol 1. In general design is about developing a product (real or abstract).
Is research in tech domains such as these ever replicable? How may we account for aspects such as time/historical setting, skills of the designers, available tools, etc?
The time and historical setting is important factors when it comes to research in tech domains. Since technology is growing exponentially the tools must correspond to the development and its conditions.
Are there any important differences with design driven research compared to other research practices?
Design driven research is focusing on optimizing a solution to a problem with certain requirements in a given situation. Research in other fields often focuses on obtaining knowledge about a specific phenomenon with theories and hypotheses. Design driven research uses design practices and experimental processes which often requires to set up a test environment.
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